Ubuchwepheshe be-Weihua ingumhlinzeki ohlinzeka nge-aluminium extrusion, sinobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, isipiliyoni sokukhiqiza esinothile, imishini yokulawula ikhwalithi esezingeni eliphakeme namakhasimende angaphandle ukusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside bokubambisana.Singaxazulula ngokuzimela ngokuphelele zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza zemikhiqizo ye-aluminium extrusion, okungukuthi "ucwaningo lomkhiqizo nentuthuko", "ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta nokukhiqizwa", "i-alloy casting", njll Wamukelekile ukuxhumana ne-machined aluminium extrusion.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Aluminium extrusion nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula
1. Ukulawula kahle ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Amaphrofayli we-aluminium wokwakha ama-6063-t5 kumele abe nezinto ezithile zomshini.Ngaphansi kweminye imibandela efanayo, amandla we-tensile namandla wokukhiqiza akhuphukile ngokwanda kokuqukethwe.Isigaba sokuqiniswa kwamaqoqo egolide angama-6063 ikakhulukazi isigaba se-Mg2Si. Ingakanani i-Mg, Si ne-Mg2Si okufanele ithathwe? Isigaba se-Mg2Si sakhiwa ngama-athomu amabili we-magnesium ne-athomu elilodwa le-silicon. Ubukhulu be-athomu ye-magnesium engu-24.3 l futhi ubukhulu be-athomu yesihlobo ye-silicon ngu-28.09. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sobukhulu be-magnesium ne-silicon kumakhemikhali we-Mg2Si ngu-1.73: 1.
Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya engenhla, uma isilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium-silicon kukhulu kune-1.73, i-magnesium ku-alloy ngeke nje yakhe isigaba se-Mg2Si, kepha futhi ne-magnesium eyeqile; ngaphandle kwalokho, uma isilinganiso singaphansi kuka-1.73, kukhombisa ukuthi i-silicon izokwakha isigaba se-Mg2Si futhi isenayo i-silicon eyinsalela.
I-magnesium eyeqile iyingozi kumakhemikhali we-alloys.I-Magnesium ilawulwa cishe ngo-0.5%, ukulawula okuphelele kwe-Mg2Si ku-0.79%. Lapho kunensalela ye-0.01% silicon, izakhiwo zemishini b ye-alloy zingama-218Mpa, ane kudlule kakhulu ukusebenza okujwayelekile kukazwelonke, kanti i-silicon eyengeziwe iyakhuphuka isuka ku-0.01% yaya ku-0.13%, b ingakhuphukela ku-250Mpa, eyi-14.6%. Ukwenza inani elithile le-Mg2Si, ukulahleka kwe-silicon okubangelwa ukungcola okufana ne-Fe ne I-Mn kufanele ibhekwe kuqala, okusho ukuthi, inani elithile le-silicon eyeqile kumele liqinisekiswe Ukuze i-magnesium ku-alloy 6063 ifane ngokugcwele ne-silicon, kufanele kwenziwe umzamo wokwenza iMg: Si <1.73 ngesikhathi sangempela Insalela ye-magnesium ayinciphisi kuphela umphumela wokuqinisa, kepha futhi inyusa izindleko zomkhiqizo.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-6063 alloy kuvame ukulawulwa njenge: Mg: 0.45% -0.65%; Si: 0.35% -0.50%; Mg: Si = 1.25-1.30; Insurity Fe <0.10% -0.25%; Mn <0.10%.
2. Lungiselela inqubo yokuncishiswa kwe-ingot homogenization
Ekukhiqizweni kwamaphrofayli asetshenziswelwa umphakathi, ukucaciswa kokushisa okuphezulu okufakiwe kwe-6063 ingxube kungu-560 ± 20 ℃, ukwahlukanisa kungu-4-6h, indlela yokupholisa iphoqelelwa ukupholisa umoya noma ukupholisa amanzi.
I-homogenization ye-alloy ingathuthukisa isivinini se-extrusion futhi inciphise ukucindezela kwe-extrusion cishe ngo-6% -10% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ingot ngaphandle kwe-homogenization.Isilinganiso sokupholisa ngemuva kwe-homogenization sinomthelela obalulekile ekuziphatheni kwezulu kwezicubu. Ukupholisa ngemuva kokugcwala, i-Mg2Si ingaqedwa ngokuphelele iqine kumatrix, kanti insalela iSi nayo izokuba yisixazululo esiqinile noma ukusabalalisa izinhlayiya ezinhle.I-ingot enjalo ingasuswa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ithole izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini nokukhanya kwendawo.
Ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium extrusion, ukufaka isithando somlilo sokumelana namafutha noma igesi lokushisa kungafinyelela umphumela osobala wokonga amandla.Ukukhethwa okunengqondo kohlobo lwesithando somlilo, umshini wokushisa kanye nemodi yokusakazwa komoya kungenza isithando somlilo sithole ukusebenza okufananayo nokuzinzile kokushisa, futhi sifinyelele inhloso yokuzinzisa inqubo nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, isithando somlilo esivuthayo somlilo esisebenza kahle ngomlilo esingaphezulu kuka-40% sethulwe emakethe.Ingot ishaja yesithando ngemuva kokushisa ngokushesha ize ibe ngaphezu kuka-570 ℃, nangemva kwesikhathi sokulondolozwa kokushisa, ukupholisa indawo yokukhipha esondele ekushiseni kwe-extrusion lokushisa, amabhilidi esithandweni sokushisa abhekane nenqubo yokuvumelanisa, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okufana nesigamu, ngokuyisisekelo ihlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo ye-extrusion eshisayo engu-6063, ngakho-ke igcina ukulandelana kwamakhemikhali okukodwa, konga kakhulu imishini yokutshala imali nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, inqubo ezothuthukiswa.
3. Lungiselela inqubo yokwelashwa kwe-extrusion neyokushisa
3.1 Ukushisa kwe-ingot
Ngokukhiqizwa kwe-extrusion, izinga lokushisa kwe-extrusion liyisisekelo esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esibaluleke kakhulu.Ukushisa kwe-extrusion kunomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, impilo yokufa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ye-extrusion ukulawula ukushisa kwensimbi. Kusukela ekushiseni kwe-ingot kuya ekucinyweni kwephrofayili ye-extrusion, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sesigaba esincibilikayo asihlukani nesisombululo noma sibonakale sisakazeka izinhlayiya ezincane.
Ukushisa okushisa kwe-6063 alloy ingot ngokuvamile kusethwe ebangeni lokushisa lemvula ye-Mg2Si, futhi isikhathi sokushisa sinomthelela obalulekile kwezulu le-Mg2Si.Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kwe-6063 alloy ingot lingasethwa njenge:
Ingot yangaphakathi: 460-520 ℃; Ingot eyenziwe ngokwezifiso: 430-480 ℃.
Ukushisa kwe-extrusion kulungiswa ngokuya ngemikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nengcindezi yeyunithi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ukushisa kwe-ingot endaweni ye-deformation kuyashintsha ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha. Ngokuphothulwa kwenqubo ye-extrusion, izinga lokushisa lendawo ye-deformation liyakhula kancane futhi isivinini se-extrusion siyakhula.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvela kwemifantu ye-extrusion, isivinini se-extrusion kufanele sincishiswe kancane kancane ngokuqhubeka kwenqubo ye-extrusion kanye ukwanda kwe-deformation zone lokushisa.
3.2 isivinini se-extrusion
Isivinini se-extrusion kufanele silawulwe ngokucophelela ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion process.Ijubane lokukhishwa kwe-extrusion linethonya elibalulekile kumthelela oshisayo we-deformation, ukufana kwe-deformation, ukuphinda kufakwe kabusha kanye nenqubo yesisombululo esiqinile, izakhiwo zemishini nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ephezulu.
Uma isivinini se-extrusion sishesha kakhulu, ubuso bomkhiqizo buzovela buphoseka, buqhekeze njalonjalo.Ngasikhathi sinye, isivinini se-extrusion esisheshayo sandisa ukwenyuka kwe-deformation yensimbi.Izinga lokuphuma ngesikhathi se-extrusion lincike ohlotsheni lwe-alloy futhi i-geometry, ubukhulu nesimo sesimo samaphrofayela.
Ijubane le-extrusion le-6063 profile alloy (isivinini sokuphuma kwensimbi) lingakhethwa njenge-20-100 m / min.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe besimanje, isivinini se-extrusion singalawulwa ngohlelo noma uhlelo olwenziwe. Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nenqubo ye-isothermal extrusion kanye ne-CADEX buthuthukisiwe.Ngokulungisa ngokuzenzakalela isivinini se-extrusion ukugcina izinga lokushisa lendawo ye-deformation kubanga elingaguquguquki, inhloso yokuqhuma okusheshayo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ingafinyelelwa.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, izinyathelo eziningi zingathathwa kule nqubo.Uma usebenzisa ukushisa kwe-induction, kune-gradient lokushisa lama-40-60 ℃ (ukushisa kwe-gradient) ngokuya ngobude be-ingot. ukupholisa ukufa kwe-extrusion, okungukuthi, ekugcineni okungemuva kokupholisa okuphoqelelwe kwamanzi, isivivinyo sifakazele ukuthi isivinini se-extrusion singakhuphuka ngo-30% -50%.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-nitrogen noma i-nitrogen ewuketshezi isetshenziselwe ukupholisa i-die (extrusion die) phesheya ukukhuphula isivinini se-extrusion, ukwenza ngcono impilo yokufa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yephrofayili.I-nitrogen ekuphumeni kwe-extrusion die kunqubo ye-extrusion, ingadala imikhiqizo yokupholisa ukusikwa okusheshayo, ukupholisa i-extrusion die kanye ne-deformation yensimbi indawo, yenza ukushisa kwe-deformation kuthathwe, ukuphuma kwesikhunta kulawulwa ngumkhathi we-nitrogen ngasikhathi sinye, kunciphise i-aluminium oxide, kunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-alumina nokuqongelela, ngakho-ke ukupholisa i-nitrogen ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yemikhiqizo, kungathuthukisa kakhulu isivinini se-extrusion.CADEX inqubo esanda kwakhiwa ye-extrusion, eyakha uhlelo oluvaliwe lwe-loop nge-extrusion lokushisa, isivinini se-extrusion kanye nengcindezi ye-extrusion ngesikhathi senqubo ye-extrusion ukukhulisa isivinini se-extrusion futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Ukucisha 3.3 emshinini
Inhloso yokuqedwa kwe-6063-t5 ukugcina ukuqina kwe-Mg2Si ku-matrix yensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu ngemuva kokuba imbobo yesikhunta ipholile ekamelweni lokushisa ngokushesha.Isilinganiso sokupholisa sivame ukulingana nokuqukethwe kwesigaba sokuqinisa. isilinganiso se-6063 alloy singama-38 ℃ / min, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucishwa komoya.Ukuqina kokupholisa kungaguqulwa ngokuguqula fan kanye ne-fan revolution, ukuze izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuqina kwempikiswano linciphise libe ngaphansi kwama-60 ℃.
3.4 ukuqondisa ukungezwani
Ngemuva kokuthi iphrofayili iphume emgodini wokufa, i-traction evamile ngogandaganda.Uma ugandaganda usebenza, ihambisa imikhiqizo ekhishwe ngokuvumelanayo nejubane lokuphuma kwemikhiqizo enokuqina okuthile kokudonsa. Inhloso yokusebenzisa ugandaganda ukunciphisa ubude be-multi-wire extrusion nokusula, kepha futhi nokuvimbela iphrofayli ukuthi iphume emgodini wesikhunta ngemuva kokujija, ukugoba, ukuqondisa ukungezwani ukuletha inkinga.
Ukwehliswa kwethonsi akugcini ngokuqeda ukwakheka komkhathi kwe-longitudinal, kepha futhi kunciphisa ukucindezela kwayo okusele, kuthuthukise izici zayo zamandla nokugcina indawo yawo enhle.
3.5 ukuguga okufakelwayo
Ukwelashwa kokuguga kudinga ukushisa okufanayo, izinga lokushisa elingadluli ± 3-5 ℃ .Izinga lokushisa lokufakelwa elingama-6063 alloy ngokuvamile lingama-200 ℃ .Isikhathi sokuguga sokuguga ngamahora angu-1-2. ℃ amahora 3-4 ayasetshenziswa, kepha ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuzoncishiswa.
