Zitsulo nameplates Mtundu

Chokhalitsa Chitsulo Dzina Mbale

Mu fayilo ya mbale zazitsulo mafakitale, zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaphatikizapo zotayidwa, zotayidwa za aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo, mkuwa, mkuwa, faifi tambala, ndi zina zambiri. Pakati pawo, zinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso pepala lokulirapo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali, moyo wautali, ndipo zimatha kutenthedwa.

Zipangizo zamagetsi zachitsulo ndizomwe amakonda kusankha pazizindikiro zazikulu zakunja.

Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupondaponda, kulipira, kupukuta, kupukuta, kusungunula mchenga, electroplating, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kusindikiza kwa silika, kujambulidwa, ndikuponyera.

Zizindikiro zazitsulo pakadali pano ndizizindikiro zazizindikiro zopanga mbale zachitsulo.

Zipangizo zamagetsi zachitsulo zimakonda kuphatikiza zotayidwa, zotsekemera zosapanga dzimbiri, ma electroforming, ma aloyi logo, zizindikilo, zikwangwani za Diamond, zolemba, ma CD, ndi zina zambiri.

Njira Zachitsulo

Njira Zazitsulo-Zachitsulo

Kanemayo akuwonetsa makina athu aukadaulo a weihua omwe amangokhalira kupopera. Zomwe tidawona mu kanemayo ndizofala kwa ife kupanga zikwangwani, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kupindika kwa chitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu ndi zida zopondera zimakakamiza pepala lazitsulo kuti lipangitse kupindika kwa pulasitiki kapena kupatukana kwa chitsulo , potero kupeza njira zopangira zitsulo zamagawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kupanga magawo akuluakulu azigawo. Ntchitoyi ndiyosavuta, ndikosavuta kuzindikira kuti kuphatikiza makina ndi makina osinthira, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba (Makina a nkhonya amatha kuzindikira kukhomerera 50 pamphindi monga akuwonera mu kanema), mtengo wotsika. Mbali zonse zopondaponda zimakhala zolondola kwambiri komanso kukhazikika.

Nthawi zambiri, njira zopondera zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi oyambira: kukhomerera-kupindika-kozama-kojambula pang'ono.

Zida zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

Zotayidwa aloyi, zosapanga dzimbiri, otsika mpweya zitsulo, aloyi mkuwa, etc.

Njira Zodulira Zizindikiro Zachitsulo-Zapamwamba kwambiri

Zomwe mukuwona muvidiyoyi ndi njira yathu yodziwika bwino yodulira. Ndi njira yogwiritsa ntchito makina osema molondola kuti alimbikitse chida pamakina othamanga othamanga mwatsatanetsatane kuti adule ziwalo. Pamphepete mwazogulitsazo, kupaka utoto, ndi malo ena omwe amafunika kukonzedwa moonekera, njira yogaya mphero imapangitsa kuwunikira kwakomweko.

Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwake (C angle), malo owala, mawonekedwe a CD.

Nthawi yomweyo, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pama foni am'manja, zipolopolo zamagetsi zamagetsi, nyumba zamagetsi zamagetsi, zikwangwani zomvera, makina okonzera makina okongoletsera, zomvera m'makutu, zikwangwani zokongoletsa batani la microwave, ndi zina zambiri.

Zitsulo Chizindikiro Logo-Makinawa kupopera Njira

Kanemayo akuwonetsa njira yokhayokha yopopera, yomwe imakhalanso njira yodziwika yazizindikiro zambiri zachitsulo. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopopera kapena disc atomizer. Mothandizidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kapena mphamvu ya centrifugal, imwazika m'madontho oyunifolomu komanso abwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chimakutidwa.

Kanemayo akuwonetsa kupopera kwathunthu. Njira yopopera mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kompyuta ya digito, yomwe imatha kuloweza ndikusunga kupopera komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika. Ili ndi mphamvu yunifolomu, kuthamanga mwachangu, kupopera mankhwala mwachangu, komanso zabwino zotulutsa, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yambiri ndi ntchito.

Izi zodziwikiratu kupopera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani azida, mafakitale apulasitiki, mafakitale, ndi zina. Ndioyenera mitundu yonse yazizindikiro za aluminiyamu, zikwangwani, zilembo zophatikizika ndi zotsekedwa, ndi zina zambiri.

Mitundu Yachitsulo ya Sign-Embossed-recessed

Kusindikiza kosindikizidwa ndiukadaulo wazitsulo. Pogwiritsa ntchito kufa embossed-recessed kuti deform mbale pansi kuthamanga wina, potero processing pamwamba pa mankhwala. Zilembo, manambala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amajambulidwa kuti asinthe mbali zitatu za malonda.

Kupondaponda nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'magulu amtundu wankhomowu:

 Buku kukhomerera makina: Buku, otsika dzuwa ntchito, otsika kuthamanga, oyenera processing Buku monga mabowo ang'onoang'ono.

Mawotchi nkhonya: kufalitsa kwamakina, kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri, matani akulu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri.

Nkhonya hayidiroliki: hayidiroliki HIV, pang'onopang'ono kuposa liwiro makina, tonnage zikuluzikulu, ndi wotchipa kuposa anthu mawotchi, ndi wamba.

Pneumatic Press: Kutumiza kwa pneumatic, kofanana ndi kuthamanga kwama hydraulic, koma osakhazikika ngati ma hydraulic pressure, nthawi zambiri sikupezeka.

Ndi zizindikilo zamtundu wanji zomwe zimakhala zoyenerera kupondaponda?

Njirayi imakhala yoyenera kuponyera zilembo zamakalata / zilembo zamakalata

Makina Otsatira a Chizindikiro Chachizindikiro Chachizindikiro

Kuwonetsedwa mu kanemayo ndi njira yokhotakhota kutsuka.

Nthawi zambiri, ukadaulo wamakonowu ndi njira yogwiritsa ntchito njira zachitsulo momwe chitsulo chimakakamizidwira kudzera mu nkhungu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja, gawo lazitsulo limapanikizika, kenako limapeza mawonekedwe ofunikira oyenda ndi kukula.

Monga mukuwonera mu kanemayu, iyi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zingwe zopukutira kuti mubwezeretse ndikupaka kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa chinthucho kuti chikwaniritse kumaliza kwa malonda. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kapangidwe ka mbale ya aluminiyumu pamwamba pa kanemayo ndi yofanana, yomwe imatha kukonza mawonekedwe ake pamwamba ndikubisa zokanda zazing'ono pamtunda.

Njira yokhotakhota yazitsulo imatha kubisa makina ndi zodetsa za nkhungu pakupanga ndipo zitha kupangitsa kuti malondawo akhale owoneka bwino.

Pali mawonekedwe anayi omwe amawoneka bwino:

1. Molunjika waya kutsuka

2. Kukonza mwachisawawa

3. Kuluka ulusi

4. Kutsuka kwa waya wonyezimira

Chizindikiro chiti chomwe chimakhala choyenera kutsuka?

Ambiri mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazizindikiro zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zodzikongoletsera za aluminiyamu, ndipo gawo laling'ono limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazizindikiro zamkuwa.

Kupanga Njira Zosindikizira Zizindikiro Zachitsulo.

Kanemayo akuwonetsa kuti njira ina yodziwika yopanga zikwangwani, ndondomeko yosindikiza pazenera.

Kusindikiza pazenera kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito silkscreen ngati mbale, ndipo kudzera munjira yopanga zithunzi, yopanga mbale yosindikiza ndi zithunzi ndi zolemba. Kusindikiza pazenera kumakhala ndi zinthu zazikulu zisanu, mbale yosindikiza pazenera, squeegee, inki, tebulo losindikiza ndi gawo lapansi.

Ubwino wa kusindikiza pazenera:

(1) Ili ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu ndipo sikuchepera kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lapansi. Njira zitatu zosindikizira zosindikizira mosabisa, kusindikiza, ndi kusindikiza mojambula nthawi zambiri zimangosindikizidwa m'magawo athyathyathya. Kusindikiza kwazenera sikungasindikize pamalo athyathyathya, komanso kusindikiza pamagawo opindika, ozungulira, ndi a concave-convex.

(2) Mtundu wosanjikiza wa inki uli ndi mphamvu yokuta, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusindikiza koyera pamapepala onse akuda okhala ndi mbali zitatu.

(3) Oyenera mitundu inki, kuphatikizapo wochuluka, madzi ofotokoza, kupanga utomoni mtundu emulsion, ufa, ndi mitundu ina ya inki.

(4) Kupanga mbale ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo.

(5) Kulimba kwambiri inki

(6) Itha kukhala silika osungidwa ndi dzanja kapena makina osindikizidwa

Kodi ndondomeko ya silkscreen imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

Makina osindikizira pazenera nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera zilembo zosindikizira za aluminiyamu, zikwangwani zosindikiza pazithunzi za aluminiyamu, ndi mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu osindikiza ma digito, ndi zina zambiri.

Momwe mungapangire chikwangwani chachitsulo?

Tiyeni titenge chikwangwani cha aluminiyamu kuchokera kwa kasitomala wakunja monga chitsanzo kukuwonetsani momwe mungapangire dzina la aluminiyamu.

Gawo 1 dulani zojambulazo, dulani pepala lalikulu la zotayidwa mu gawo lina la kukula kwa malonda kuti mugwiritse ntchito.
Gawo 2 Kusamba, zilowerereni zopangira m'madzi ochepetsera madzi ndi gawo labwino kwa mphindi 25, kenako ziikeni m'madzi oyera kuti muchotse mafuta ndi mafuta, ndikumaliza kuziyika mu uvuni wa 180 ° ndikuphika kwa mphindi 5 mpaka madziwo atauma.
Gawo 3 kusindikiza zoyera, kuyika chinsalu cha 120T pamakina osindikizira omwe adasinthidwa, gwiritsani ntchito gudumu lamagetsi kuti muchotse fumbi, kenako mugwiritse ntchito mafuta azungu a 4002 kuti musindikize zoyera, mukamaliza kusindikiza, ikani mankhwalawo panjanji yamoto kuti kuphika ndi kuphika Mukatha kuphika, ziyikeni mu uvuni wa 180 ° ndikuphika kwa mphindi 15
Gawo 4 kusindikiza kofiira, masitepewo amafanana ndi gawo lachitatu, kupatula kuti mtundu wa inki umasinthidwa kukhala wofiira.
Gawo 5 kusindikiza buluu, masitepewo amafanana ndi gawo lachitatu, kupatula kuti mtundu wa inki umasinthidwa kukhala wabuluu.
Gawo 6 kusindikiza kwakuda, masitepewo amafanana ndi gawo lachitatu, kupatula kuti mtundu wa inki umasinthidwa kukhala wakuda.
Gawo 7 Kuphika, ikani mankhwala mu uvuni wa 180 ° ndikuphika kwa mphindi 30. Mukaphika kuphika, sankhani mosankha zingapo kuti mupange mayeso 50 a mayeso a MEK kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa inki panthawi yopondaponda.
Gawo 8 Ikani kanemayo, ikani filimu yoteteza 80A pamakina opaka laminating, ikani mankhwalawo mutadutsa methyl ethyl ketone 100 grid pamakina opaka laminating kuti muwonetsetse kuti kanemayo sakumakwinya, ndipo woyendetsa amachita Divide.
Gawo 9 pobowola, debugging makina kukhomerera kuti basi pamalo ndi kukhomerera, woyendetsa cheke masanjidwe pamalo kuonetsetsa kuti kupatuka dzenje si wamkulu kuposa 0.05mm.
Gawo 10 mitundu embossing, kuika mankhwala mosabisa mu 25T nkhonya kwa mitundu, embossing kutalika ndi monga kujambula.
Gawo lomaliza kuyang'anira kwathunthu + ma CD
https://www.cm905.com/stamping-nameplate/

Zizindikiro zotayidwa:

Zina mwazogulitsa zazitsulo zazitsulo, zikwangwani za aluminiyamu ndizotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo. Njira zazikulu ndizopondaponda ndi kupopera mbewu, kupopera mankhwala, kupukuta ndi kujambula kwa waya, ndipo mtundu wothandizidwawo umatsimikizika kwa zaka 3-5.

Mawonekedwewa ndi otakata kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitseko, mawindo, khitchini, mipando, zitseko zamatabwa, zida zamagetsi, magetsi, ndi zokongoletsera.

Zipangizo za aluminiyamu zili ndi izi:

Aluminiyamu imangokhala yosagwira dothi komanso yosagwira dzimbiri;

Ngati mukufuna mbale yachitsulo, imatha kupilira malo ovuta ndikuisunga ili bwino mutalumikizana mwachindunji, monga kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula, matalala, fumbi, dothi ndi mankhwala, ndiye zikwangwani za aluminiyamu ndizabwino kwanu;

Aluminium imatha kupulumuka ikawonetsedwa ndi cheza cha dzuwa ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi kuwola kwa mankhwala enaake, motero zotayidwa zimalimbananso ndi dzimbiri.

Aluminium ndiyopepuka kwambiri;

Ngati mukufuna chitsulo chopepuka, ndiye kuti zotayidwa ndizomwe mukufuna. Zipangizo zama aluminiyamu ndizopepuka kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta pamakoma ndi zitseko pogwiritsa ntchito zomata. Zitsulo zina zitha kukhala zolemetsa kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zomangira ndi ma rivet.

Ngati simukufuna kupanga mabowo pakhoma kapena kukweza chitsulo chanu pakhomo, zotayidwa ndizomwe mungasankhe, chifukwa zimatha kukhazikitsidwa popanda zida zolemetsazi.

 Aluminium ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri;

Chimodzi mwamaubwino odziwika bwino a aluminium ndi mtengo wake wotsika. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zama aluminiyamu kuti musunge ndalama zama mbale ena, ndipo pang'ono pake amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yazitsulo kapena zida.

Mwanjira iyi, simungangopeza dzina lamtengo wapatali lazitsulo kuti mupange zofuna, komanso kupulumutsa ndalama.

Aluminium imakhala ndi pulasitiki yolimba;

Zipangizo zotayidwa zimatha kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mutha kupanga mapangidwe anu m'ma mbale awa.

M'malo osiyanasiyana, mutha kusankhanso kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga, kupopera mbewu, kusanja magetsi, kujambula waya, chosema, etching, komanso kusindikiza pazenera za silika, anodizing ndi njira zina kuti apange ma aluminium sign.It ndizosintha kwambiri.

Pansipa pali mawonekedwe a mbale ya aluminiyamu:

(1) Kukonzekera bwino:

Zizindikiro zopangidwa ndi zotayidwa zopangidwa ndi makonda ndizokongoletsa kwambiri, zofooka, ndipo zitha kupindika.

(2) Kukaniza nyengo bwino:

Ngati chikwangwani cha anodized aluminiyumu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, sichisintha mtundu kwa nthawi yayitali, sichingawononga, oxidize, ndi dzimbiri.

(3) Mphamvu yazitsulo:

Chizindikiro cha anodized aluminiyumu chimakhala chouma kwambiri, chosakanika bwino, ndipo chimakhala chopanda mafuta, chomwe chitha kuwunikira kukongola kwazitsulo ndikusintha mtundu wazogulitsa ndikuwonjezera phindu.

(4) Kulimbana mwamphamvu:

Zizindikiro zosavomerezeka sizivuta kuipitsa, zosavuta kutsuka, ndipo sizipanga dzimbiri.

Pamwamba mankhwala a signage ya aluminium Ntchito Aluminiyamu opatsidwa
Kuvomerezeka kwa maluwa Zizindikiro zamagetsi (foni yam'manja, ndi zina zambiri)
Dongosolo la CD Zizindikiro zamagetsi (mauvuni a microwave, ndi zina zambiri)
Kumanga mchenga Zizindikiro zama makina (barometric thermometer, ndi zina zambiri)
Kupukuta Zizindikiro za zida zapanyumba (zowongolera mpweya, ndi zina zambiri)
Kujambula Zizindikiro zamagalimoto (oyendetsa sitima, etc.)
Mkulu kuwala kudula Maofesi amapereka zinthu (pakhomo, ndi zina).
Anodic makutidwe ndi okosijeni Zizindikiro zakumbudzi (mapampu, mvula, ndi zina zambiri)
Kutulutsa utoto wa mitundu iwiri Zizindikiro zomveka (mawu a JBL, ndi zina zambiri)
Zizindikiro za katundu (Kadi Crocodile, etc.)
Chizindikiro cha botolo la vinyo (Wuliangye, etc.)
Zizindikiro zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi (ndi izo zokha, ndi zina zambiri)

Momwe mungakhalire dzina la aluminium dzina:

1. Pangani mapazi kumbuyo kwa chizindikiro:

Pakukhazikitsa kwamtunduwu, payenera kukhala mabowo awiri okwezera mapazi pagulu lazogulitsa zanu.

Njira ya 2.

Zomatira zazing'ono zimamangiriridwa pambuyo poti tatulutsa chizindikirocho (pali zomatira wamba, zomata za 3m, zomatira za Nitto ndi zina)

3.Hole kukhomerera njira:

Mabowo amatha kukhomedwa pamalowo, omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji ndi misomali ndi ma rivets.

4. Takulani:

Dinani phazi kuseli kwa chizindikirocho, kenako ndikunyamula. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa zamawu

https://www.cm905.com/stainless-steel-nameplateslogo-on-electrical-appliance-china-mark-products/

Zosapanga dzimbiri nameplates

Chidutswa chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri, chowoneka chophweka, koma chimakhala ndi kusankha zinthu, makulidwe, kusankha njira, kukonza zinthu, kukonza njira, mawonekedwe ndi kukonza kwa LOGO ndi zina.

Njira zopangira nthawi zambiri zimapondaponda, kutulutsa kapena kusindikiza. Ndizokwera mtengo ndipo zimathandizira kuchikhalidwechi. Ili ndi dzimbiri losalala komanso njira yake yonyezimira. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsa ntchito zomatira zolimba kumata, zomwe ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Chipinda chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo, mawonekedwe apamwamba, komanso opepuka, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe amakono komanso amakono. Kapangidwe zosapanga dzimbiri ndi cholimba, oyenera kwambiri kwa mankhwala panja.

Ndi zikuwononga ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mano. Mphamvu yake imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pama data ama mafakitole kapena mayina amatebulo ndi zolemba zidziwitso.

Makhalidwe azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri

1. Zizindikiro zosapanga dzimbiri ndizabwino zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri komanso moyo wautali

2. Zizindikiro zosapanga dzimbiri zimawoneka bwino komanso zimawoneka bwino

3. Zizindikiro zosapanga dzimbiri zimasiyanitsidwa pakati pa burashi ndi chonyezimira

4. Chizindikiro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe azitsulo ndipo ndimlengalenga wapamwamba kwambiri

5. Kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, kumatha kukana kutupa kwa asidi, alkali, mchere ndi mankhwala ena

6. Kukana kutentha, kuvala kukana ndi kuyeretsa kukana

7. Chitsulo cholimba chachitsulo, chopatsa chidwi

Zipangizo wamba mbale mbale zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo:

Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: 201, 202, 301, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310S, 410, 430, 439, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 304 zosapanga dzimbiri zakuthupi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafashoni:

Zowonekera pazizindikiro zosapanga dzimbiri ndizophatikizira magalasi, matte, mchenga, brashi, net, twill, CD, zotumphukira zitatu ndi zina zoyipa; pali mitundu yambiri yazosangalatsa komanso zosankha zosiyanasiyana!

Zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo makhalidwe:

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, asidi ndi kukana kwa alkali, kukana dzimbiri, kukana makutidwe ndi okosijeni, komanso kukana kupindika.

Njira zingapo zoyambira zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri:

Njira yosinthira:

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito electrolysis kulumikiza chithunzi chachitsulo pamwamba pazipindazo, potero zimalepheretsa okosijeni wazitsulo, kukonza kukana, kuwongolera, kuwunika pang'ono, kukana dzimbiri komanso kulimbikitsa kukongoletsa.

Zosapanga dzimbiri etching:

Ikhoza kugawidwa kukhala yopanda pang'ono komanso yozama kwambiri. Kutsetsereka pang'ono kumakhala pansi pa 5C.

Njira yosindikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe! Zozama zakuya zimatanthawuza kuyala ndi kuya kwa 5C kapena kupitilira apo.

Mtundu wamtunduwu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndipo umakhala wamphamvu kwambiri pakukhudza. Nthawi zambiri, njira ya photosensitive etching imagwiritsidwa ntchito;

Chifukwa pamene dzimbiri lakuya kwambiri, chiwopsezo chimachulukirachulukira, chifukwa chake Dzimbiri likazama, mtengo wake umakhala wokwera mtengo!

Laser chosema (laser amatchedwanso laser chosema, laser chodetsa)

chosema cha laser ndichithandizo chapamwamba, chofanana ndi kusindikiza pazenera ndi kusindikiza kwa pad, ndimachitidwe othandizira pamwamba omwe amawotcha mawonekedwe kapena zolemba pamwamba pa malonda.

Kusankha zamagetsi

Electroplating ndiyo njira yogwiritsira ntchito electrolysis kuyika chitsulo kapena aloyi padziko lapansi kuti apange yunifolomu, yolimba komanso yolimba yazitsulo, yotchedwa electroplating. Kumvetsetsa kosavuta ndikusintha kapena kuphatikiza kwa sayansi ndi kapangidwe kake.

Ntchito kukula kwa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zizindikiro:

Zikhitchini, mipando, zida zapanyumba, mipeni, makina ndi zida, zovala, mahotela, zipata, mafakitale agalimoto ndi mabizinezi ena.


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